See fēlaz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "vālant"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"sense": "a devil",
"word": "vōlant"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*fāland"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "a female devil",
"word": "valande"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "valant"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*fālant"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Valand"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Voland"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Faland"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vālant"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Valand"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Voland"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Faland"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vōlant"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Valand"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Voland"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Faland"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "feiland"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "fālant"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "vālentin"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"sense": "a female devil",
"word": "valentinne"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*fālandin"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "vālentin"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"sense": "a female devil",
"word": "valentinne"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*fālandina"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vālantīn"
},
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vālantinne"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*fālantin"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vālantīn"
},
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vālantinne"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*fālantina"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*fālandini"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*fāland"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*fāl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "adulterous woman; a shy sheep",
"word": "fála"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "troll-woman; axe (heiti)",
"word": "fála"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "fæla"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "to be or become afraid",
"word": "fæle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "shyness (of horses); phobia",
"word": "fælni"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "fælinn"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "fælen"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "fæl"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "fæl"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "scared, timid, shy",
"word": "fælinn"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"sense": "to frighten away",
"word": "fæla"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "to frighten, terrify",
"word": "*fēlijaną"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fæla"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fæla",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάλλω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pel-",
"id": "drive",
"t": "to beat, push, drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Rix, Helmut, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2001), “*pelh₁-”, in <cite>Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</cite> [<cite>Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs</cite>] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, <small>→ISBN</small>, pages 469-470</span></span>",
"name": "LIV"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*polšiti",
"t": "to scare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fálma",
"t": "to grope, feel; to be astonished"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fálma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fōlijan",
"t": "to feel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹",
"t": "fright, horror"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "felmtr",
"t": "alarm, fear"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"name": "LIV"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"name": "Köbler"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*pele-",
"t": "to fear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Pokorny connects Old Norse fæla to Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō) (see Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”), Rix reconstructs *pelh₁-) and to Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”). He further suggests a link with Old Norse fálma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”) and Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).\nLikely related to Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”) and Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”) (both from *felmaz (“fright”)).\nDe Vries notes the similarity of some Uralic forms, see Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*fēlaz",
"name": "gem-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fēlaz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fēlijaną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"terrifying"
],
"id": "en-fēlaz-gem-pro-adj-ec0tRUVM",
"links": [
[
"terrifying",
"terrifying"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "faluz"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸɛː.lɑz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛː.lɑz"
}
],
"word": "fēlaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "fēlijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "vālant"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"sense": "a devil",
"word": "vōlant"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*fāland"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "a female devil",
"word": "valande"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "valant"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*fālant"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Valand"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Voland"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Faland"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vālant"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Valand"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Voland"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Faland"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vōlant"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Valand"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Voland"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Faland"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "feiland"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "fālant"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "vālentin"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"sense": "a female devil",
"word": "valentinne"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*fālandin"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "vālentin"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"sense": "a female devil",
"word": "valentinne"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*fālandina"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vālantīn"
},
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vālantinne"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*fālantin"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vālantīn"
},
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "vālantinne"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*fālantina"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*fālandini"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*fāland"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*fāl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "adulterous woman; a shy sheep",
"word": "fála"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "troll-woman; axe (heiti)",
"word": "fála"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "fæla"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "to be or become afraid",
"word": "fæle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "shyness (of horses); phobia",
"word": "fælni"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "fælinn"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "fælen"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "fæl"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "fæl"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "scared, timid, shy",
"word": "fælinn"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"sense": "to frighten away",
"word": "fæla"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "to frighten, terrify",
"word": "*fēlijaną"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fæla"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fæla",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάλλω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pel-",
"id": "drive",
"t": "to beat, push, drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Rix, Helmut, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2001), “*pelh₁-”, in <cite>Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</cite> [<cite>Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs</cite>] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, <small>→ISBN</small>, pages 469-470</span></span>",
"name": "LIV"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*polšiti",
"t": "to scare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fálma",
"t": "to grope, feel; to be astonished"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fálma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fōlijan",
"t": "to feel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹",
"t": "fright, horror"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "felmtr",
"t": "alarm, fear"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"name": "LIV"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"name": "Köbler"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*pele-",
"t": "to fear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Pokorny connects Old Norse fæla to Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō) (see Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”), Rix reconstructs *pelh₁-) and to Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”). He further suggests a link with Old Norse fálma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”) and Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).\nLikely related to Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”) and Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”) (both from *felmaz (“fright”)).\nDe Vries notes the similarity of some Uralic forms, see Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*fēlaz",
"name": "gem-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fēlaz",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "faluz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/ɛː.lɑz",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/ɛː.lɑz/2 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"terrifying"
],
"links": [
[
"terrifying",
"terrifying"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸɛː.lɑz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛː.lɑz"
}
],
"word": "fēlaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fēlaz meaning in All languages combined (13.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.